1919-1945+(B)+Democracies

= **1919** **-1945** Post-WWI Crisis and Democracies = By: Rachel Robertson and Kassy Kelly

= ** Notable Events to Look At: ** = = ** 1919 – Italians held 2nd elections ever, this democracy unfortunately would be ended in 1922 when Mussolini came to power. ** =
 * political/military **
 * social/economic **
 * cultural/intellectual **

** 1932 – Government responds to economic crisis with the national protectionism **
== ** 1930’s – brings inspiration for taking the crisis and creating social realism in literary and also artistic ways with Irishman James Joyce, French novelist Marcel Proust, and English writer Virginia Woolf ** ==

** The Depression Hits All of Europe: **
===** Check out which country had the biggest problem with unemployment and troublesome production with the map below. At one time world wide there were 30 million unemployed. Post War Europe was a mess economically with inflation at an alltime high leading to chaos with international monetary exchanges. **===

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** Leon Blum (1872-1950): ** first Jewish Prime Minister of France 1945, leader of Socialist party in Popular Front introducing the 40-hour work week and nationalizing the Bank of France. At first introduced a policy of non-intervention for all of Europe towards the Spanish Civil War but later changed towards helping Spain. ===== ==== **Ramsay MacDonald (1866-1935):** first British Labour Prime Minister, served two terms, the second was overwhelmed by the Great Depression splitting the Labour government, so he formed the National Government of Conservatives. This was considered betrayal and he was banished from the Labour Party**. ** ====

[[image:http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_15/art04_15/0415_20innova.jpg width="203" height="215" align="right" caption="John Maynard Keynes"]]
====** John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946): ** British economist argued that nations embroiled in depression should increase government spending areas like public works to get economy moving again. ====  **Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925):** considered the Founding Father of the Republican China pioneering the Nationalist China. He developed a political philosophy known as Three Principles of the People; nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood.
 * Mustapha Kemal (1881-1938): ** Rallied Turkish national resistance with the help of the Soviet Union driving the Greeks out of the western allies. He helped lead the Nationalists to a revolution founding the modern and independent Turkish state
 * Charles G. Dawes (1865-1951): ** **The Dawes Plan** (1924) was named after this American Vice President. The Dawes Plan was intituted in Germany to assure the flow of reparations because the Allies; Belgium, France, and Britain argued they could not repay their debts to the USA unless reparations were collected from Germany
 * Mohandas Ghandi (1869-1948): ** Lead a movement in India for self-government and economic and spiritual independence from Great Britain. He encouraged civil disobedience along with non-violence against Britain boycotting all that they imported. He was regarded as one of the greatest spiritual leaders of all time influencing acts of freedom all of the world